Production and design of parts for machines and various mechanisms
The manufacturability of the product design is understood as a set of its properties that determine the compliance of this design with the optimal costs for its manufacture, operation and repair for the specified quality indicators, volume of output and conditions of work performance.
The quality of the product, along with the manufacturability of the design, is also characterized by its functionality, that is, the ability of the product to realize its main function, reliability, ergonomics, aesthetics, economy, safety and environmental friendliness. All the listed component qualities of the product are determined by its structural structure, material and determine the manufacturability of the structure as a whole. Functionality of the product is the compliance of the product with the conditions for the implementation of its main functions as intended. Reliability (failure, durability, repairability, safety) characterizes the product's ability to maintain a given quality and perform certain functions under the conditions of its use, maintenance, re-use, storage and transportation for a given time. The ergonomics of a product is its ability to function in the human-product system. The aesthetics of the product is understood as its artistic and design design that meets modern requirements.
The safety of the product must meet the requirements of labor safety in the process of its manufacture, transportation, storage, technological maintenance, repair and disposal. The environmental friendliness of the product characterizes the level of harmful effects on the environment that occur during its production, operation and repair.
The technological design of the product characterizes the possibility of its manufacture, operation and storage under the conditions of using labor, material, energy and other resources available to the manufacturer and the consumer of the product. Any product must be technologically rational for the given specific conditions of preparation for its production, manufacture, operation and repair. These requirements should be known to the designer before starting the development of the product design.
The design of the part must be either completely standard (typical) or consist of standard elements (parts).
Base surfaces must ensure accurate positioning and fixation of workpieces during processing.
If possible, parts should be made from standard blanks (rolled, castings, forgings, pressed blanks).
During the production of parts, standard technological processes must be performed.
The design of the workpiece and the part are organically combined, therefore, in most cases, the drawing of the part also contains the main technological requirements for the workpiece and methods of its production.
The designer or technologist, creating the structure and drawing of the part, simultaneously sets the requirements for the workpiece, and in some places also determines the method of its manufacture. In addition, according to the requirements of state standards, the manufacturability of the parts should be ensured. This also applies to the construction of assemblies, units and machines. The shape and dimensions of the workpiece greatly affect both the technology of its manufacture and subsequent processing. The accuracy of the size and shape of the workpiece mostly determines the labor intensity of manufacturing and the cost of the finished product (parts). The shape, dimensions, condition of the surfaces and surface layers of the workpiece can significantly affect the scope of its further processing.
Therefore, most blanks are subjected to preliminary processing, which consists in ensuring their manufacturability for subsequent mechanical processing on metal-cutting machines. Such processing includes cleaning, straightening, cutting, centering, heat treatment, etc. Pre-processing of blanks is especially important in the conditions of automated and flexible production.
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